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Argentina: Mountains - Córdoba
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órdoba, to image and similarity.
Three conquering expeditions explored and colonized the present Argentine territory: the one of the originating North of Perú; the one of the East, that enters by the Río de la Plata and the one of the West that accedes by Chile.
These currents were attracted by the news about regions where the precious metals abounded. From very remote times, comechingones inhabited the Cordovan mountain ranges; dating the grotto from Candonga in the first times of the present era; but they are previous still the natives of the deposits of Ongamira and Observatory. The found archaeological rest in different sites from the mountain ranges, would have an antiquity of five millenia, according to Or Menghin.
The natives inhabited the mountainous cord shared by the provinces of Córdoba and San Luis. They formed small independent towns, governed by caciques.
The more populated areas with Quilino and Ongamira in the Department Ischilín, the valley of Punilla, the valley of Calamuchita, the valley of Río Cuarto and valley of Río Primero.
Comechingones was militant, used the word "comechingón" as shout military that it urged to kill and it was because of this so characteristic characteristic that they were baptized by the Spaniards.
They were very effective in the handling of the arc and the arrow, also they used wood canes lasts and occasionally, they were used the fire to set afire the refuge of its enemies.
For the war they used leather necklaces and they painted half of the red face of and the other of black.
The old inhabitants of these earth spoke in their majority the language sanavirona, although also other particular dialectos like henia and camiare coexisted. They dressed long t-shirts and some little habitual characteristics in the indigenous population, that they powerfully called the attention of the Spaniards, such as the complete beard that they showed and the high and gleaned figure of its members.
they knew; those efforts, according to documents of centuries XVI and XVII, had some results, but with the loss of the own language the extinction of comechingones in the mestizada mass of the old government of the Tucumán also took place.
The one of the Comechingones is one of the native towns of greater wealth pictográfica of Argentina. They left to engravings and drawings inside grotto infinity and caverns. They are counted more than 1000 arrived works of rock art until us.
They lived in semiunderground, construídas huts on wells to the evenness of the ground, with small entrances.
In order to subsist they were used agriculture, the harvesting of fruits, the cattle ranch and the hunting. The conquest of "the province of comechingones" began Francisco de Aguirre in 1556 and towards 1573 the captain Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, left the General Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera the testimony of a story of its expedition by the present territory of the Province, having crossed the Salinas Grandes mines and the region of Quilino towards the south, escaping the valleys of the Sierras Chicas.
The intention of the conquerors of the Alto Perú in finding a route towards the River of the Silver determined the decision to erect the city of Cordova of the New Andalusia. It is founded thus, to borders of the Suquía river (today Río Primero) the 6 of July of 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
After its foundation, Cordova integrated the Interior of the Tucumán, employee first of Chile and soon of the Virreinato of Perú. The necessity to divide to the Virreinato of the Río de la Plata and its strategic importance, it took to turn it Intendance the 5 of August of 1783, being its capital the city of Córdoba, including its limits until the regions of San Juan, San Luis, Mendoza and La Rioja. His first Governor Intendant was Marquess de Sobremonte.
The conquerors introduced to the jesuitas, that created numerous to hunt in the surroundings of the city and the routes of communication, assuring an abundant cattle production and consolidating the commercial routes.
They thus arrive when finalizing century XVI, the first jesuitas that, later, raised the Company of Jesus, who began to be built in 1650. Being the oldest temple in the city, it is declared national monument in 1940 and Patrimony of the Humanity, in 2000.
The Jesuítica Congregation in 1608 founded the Máximo School, bases of the present National University, founded on 1613, that constituted second in Hispano-America. In streets and avenues of this modern city, are testimonies of colonial architecture and of the passage of the Jesuitas by the region of extreme importance in its development.
The missionaries did not worry to study the language of the Córdobes Indians and however they tried to impose quichua, language to them that they and many conquerors At the beginning of the century XIX Córdoba, it began progressively to live the dawn on fertile land independence, becoming of the efforts that in that sense would have to pronounce themselves in the Revolution of 1810.
Heading autonomistas slogans of the provinces of the interior, Cordoba carried out a preponderant paper in the attempt to conform the federal system, standing out in this sense the work of Juan Bautista Busto. This growth interrupted during the war of Independence and the fights civilians posteriores.Retomando this growth in the middle of century XIX, with the demographic increase due to the foreign immigration facilitated by the arrival and the ramification of the railroads and the colonization of both margins of the iron routes and of other earth destined to such aim.
The 31 of January of 1821 it was sanctioned the "Provisory Regulation for the regime of administration of the Province of Córdoba", valid antecedent of the Constitution of the Province, sanctioned the 16 of August of 1855.
In century XX, Córdoba lodged, between the political facts more important, to the student commotion of 1918 and their product, the University Reformation and the "Cordobazo" of year 1969.
In 1927, with the creation of the Military Factory of Airplanes, a new stage begins later - the industrialist - consolidating thirty years to the rate of the installation of great automotive complexes and numerous manufacturing establishments.  |
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