|
|
Argentina: North - San Miguel de Tucumán
|
rom ancient times, the zone, natives of diverse denominations populate whose cultures still study.
Between the indigenous towns that inhabited tucumano territory, the calchaquíes diaguitas stood out, strongly influenced by the culture Inca.
Seated in all the mountainous area of the tucumano west, they were capable weavers and potters. They cultivated the maize, zapallo and the Peruvian bark in a system of platform and terraces equipped with irrigation. They raised guanacos, flames and vicunas, that offered meat them, milk and wool. They practiced a rudimentary mining, and well were organized to the control of a cacique. Essentially pacific, they were good soldiers when the situation required it.
Los Quilmes was other settlers whose town suffered persecution, death and exile (transferred to the province of Buenos Aires, at time of the colony, looking for that they lose his identity like town and thus to dominate them and to snatch the Earth to them), they conserve elements of its rich and millenarian culture. They practice ritual to the Pachamama, forms of cooperation and the song with percussion that has an enormous cosmic force (bagualas, tonadas and vidalas).
The Spaniards arrived until these regions by the west, from Peru to the search of the mythical City of the Césares.
He was Diego de Almagro in 1536 who incursionó for the first time in the region that today occupies the province of Tucumán, without producing foundations.
In May of 1565, Diego de Villarroel under the invocation of San Miguel Arcángel installed to San Miguel de Tucumán, on an affluent of the Salí river, in a called place, language of natural, Ibatín.
Later, Diego de Villaroel founded the city of San Miguel de Tucumán on 1565, locating itself completely in 1585.
During which it was of century XVI, San Miguel de Tucumán put the shoulder, without faint, to all the work of the conquest. Their neighbors were welded of all founding expeditions, while their forests provided the wood for the only vehicle with those times: the cart, that for that reason was called "tucumana highway". The village was recostada next to the mountain, seat of the calchaquíes natives, and more of once the natural ones they wanted to set afire it. But the neighbors knew to resist. Finally what the Indians and the deprivations could not, obtained the fall in disuse of the way that passed by San Miguel and followed Buenos Aires and palúdicas waters of near river. The city the margin of the commercial route became unhealthy and had left. In September of 1685 the city was transferred from its primitive site Monteros - near present to a higher place, known like La Toma. The task that lasted 5 years it was in charge of Fernando de Mendoza Mate de la Luna. From those times the city of Tucumán became communications center, in special by its location in the way that united the Río de la Plata with Alto Perú.
Century XIX is the one of the Revolution of the Independence, that stops Tucumán meant fundamental changes. Found out the events of May in Buenos Aires, the 26 of June of 1810 the tucumano Town hall, by the single vote of Juan Batista Paz, inclined by the patriotic side and chose to the presbítero Manuel Felipe de Molina delegated before the First Meeting.
In 1812, Manuel Belgrano, defeated and in retired towards Cordova, he arrived at the city. Animated by the support and the decision of the tucumano town, he decided to become strong and to make in front of his pursuers there.
The 24 of September of that year, in Batalla de Tucumán, defeated realistic general Pío Tristán. Four years later, the situation of the Río de La Plata was very difficult: the defeat of Sipe-Sipe, the disastrous economic situation because of the war, and the swaying cause independentista in Latin America, conformed the prevailing panorama. In 1816 she will be host of another memorable event: the Congress of the United Provinces, that strengthens the 1810 uprising legally, declaring the independence of Spain and all other foreign domination.
San Miguel de Tucumán will be then head of a new province, that takes its name, and of which depend Catamarca and Santiago del Estero, while Salta and Jujuy separate to him.
In the civil wars, during the decade of 1820, it will see reduced his territory to present jurisdiction, when separating him to it Catamarca and Santiago del Estero.
In the last third of century XIX, the tucumanos will inaugurate - with trapiche, the first machine that knew the Country for the industry the sugar, that will define his.
But it is important to indicate that Tucumán entered history national, with many children of its ground like ideologists or protagonists of ours history: Juan Alberdi Baptist, the author of the Argentina Constitution; Nicolas Avellaneda and Julio Argentina Roca, both presidents of modern Argentina, the railroads and immigration. "Buenosairean of the interior" he will call a cronista to the tucumanos of the aim of the century.  |
|
|
Chapters |
|
|
version française
versión español
