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Argentina: North - La quiaca
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a Quiaca, all a postcard.
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the omaguacas inhabited the region of the north of Jujuy, puna, the narrow throats that arrive at the great gorge humahuaqueña, the small valleys and slopes of the mountain ranges.
They were advanced of the province, they made fabrics of wool, instruments and arms of bronze; they fused metals; the stone and the wood worked. In addition they made glasses, jars and other utensils with cooked mud. They also excelled in agriculture and the pasturing.
Because the region which they inhabited era of stony ground, much declivity and little amount of water, constructed platform of cultures to the incaica way, that maintained thanks to ingenious systems of irrigation. The maize was the main element in the feeding.
They domesticated the flames and they also used the meat and the leather of other animals, mainly vicunas, guanacos and deer.
Their houses, of quadrangular form, were constructed with stones worked, and put a roof on with straw and mud very well.
To the arrival of the Spaniards, the geographic position of the today town of La Quiaca, adjudges an important point to him like "slug" in the way to the Alto Peru, denominating itself at that time with the name of " La Florida".
The first antecedent we found it by the 1772 when Commissioner Alonso Carrió de la Vandera, created a slug to 19 leguas of the one of Los Colorados. The point was disputed more ahead since it was considered that there the jurisdiction of Buenos Aires finished and began the one of Potosí. This gave rise a intense battles that finished the dispute when in 1878 the rating of a telegraphic office after the two already created of Tilcara and Humahuaca is ordered. Few years after the installation of this office it is begun with the steps stops to found officially the town and is the 10 of September of 1883, when agreed one to the indications of Tello Governor is come to demarcate "land area for ejidos lots of population and".
With date 12 of May of 1886 birth occurs to the first school even though did not have officially date of effective foundation the city.
By year 1900, it is when La Quiaca begins to be constructed definitively like population.
Decisive influence in it has the uprising of the Mixed Commission the International Argentina-Bolivian, who in 1900 and under the presidency of the engineer Miguel Iturbe, is decided by the construction of international the railway line and by which it had the prolongation the railway line of Jujuy until the Quiaca. East yearning takes shape the 30 of December of 1907, opportunity in which arrived at the Quiaca the first train to the border.
The 28 of February of 1907, the Law Nº 134 is promulgated, occurring creation to the town of the Quiaca and after years of managements east yearning takes shape. Thirty and eight apples and twenty-five strubbles constituted the demarcation of the created town. By that then ones already several houses of commerce had settled impelled by the transactions between Argentina and Bolivia.
The 27 of September of 1914, the Superior Government of the Province designates the first Municipal Commission of the Quiaca.
The 1 of June of 1917 and under the presidency of Ernesto Claros, the Legislature of the Province of Jujuy declared to La Quiaca, capital of the department of Yavi by means of the sanction of the Law Nº 325.
The 09 of December of 1945 settle down in facilities that belonged to a Unit of the Argentine Army, Swarm 21 "La Quiaca" of National Gendarmerie, being their first Head, the Second Commander Fernández Castellano.
Border city surrounded by two rivers, one of which is limit with Bolivia, the small population was growing until the present time with its own characteristics. The constructions are raised in a valley surrounded by hills and are, in their majority, of it marinates revoked or of very common bricks of the northern zone.
La Quiaca is today, a febrile city, hermanada with the border locality of Villazón in Bolivia through a bridge that is crossed incesablemente by workers and tourists of both country.
Puneño that has all the basic services, being one of the more important urban establishments of the Argentine northwest is the only city of the zone of the north.  |
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