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Argentina: North - San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca
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an Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, the strength.
Catamarca is a voice quichua that means strength in the skirt, alluding to the geographic location of the city. Cata: it is lateral skirt or. Marca: it is strength or castle of the border.
The Empire Inca bursts in into our territory in century XV, we do not know with exactitude the date. The Incaico State occupied the territory of the West catamarqueño and La Rioja, establishing in Catamarca the fabulous Pucará de Aconquija, one of the greatest strengths of the South border of the Empire.
In order to form the Collasuyu, the empire had to create a series of administrative organizations that at the moment are known like provinces. For example, for our northwest, the province of Chicoana covered an area that went from Bolivia to the south of establishment Inca of Chicoana (the Paya), that was the head or capital incaica of this province. It included/understood the floor of puna and the northern part of the Calchaquí valley. Towards the south the province of Quire-Quire was located, that extended by the rest of the Calchaquí valley, all the valley of Santa Maria and the valleys of Andalgalá, Hualfín and Abaucán (Catamarca). The valletano area - mountain power station includes/understands a located broken valley set and between the 1500 and 3000 meters on the level of the sea, that are developed in the provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja, north of San Juan, the west of Tucumán and the west of Salta. The diaguitas that inhabited Catamarca spoke kakä, kakán or kacano, language very difficult to pronounce by its guttural phonetics in end, this language completely has been extinguished.
According to Father Antonio Larrouy - by the end of century XVII- the Indians communicated through the language quichua, that was the own language of the natives of Peru, which was concerned by the Spanish conquerors and in special by the missionaries.
Most of the old Spanish cronistas and also of the present archaeologists considers that the main reason for the conquest of the Collasuyu was the gold existence, silver, receives, lead, semiprecious stones and even salt, reasons that they pushed so much the Incas as to the Spaniards in its eagerness of dominion of the region. Catamarca was founded for the first time in the middle of 1558 by Juan Perez de Zurita, with the name of London of the New England, in tribute to Felipe II, whose wife Maria Tudor was English. She did in the valley of Quinmivil, following one another two later foundations: one with Ramirez de Velazco in 1591, the same place; and the 5 of 1683 July, in the place that today is its capital (faldeos of the Ambato, on the right margin of the River of the Valley), by Don Fernando Mendoza de Mate Luna.
In ínterin between the second and third foundation the hierarchy of city by disposition of the Real Certificate of Carlos II was cleared him, of the 16 of August of 1679, to be "a virtual" city without houses, church, and with little dispersed population. Only the real standard gave presence to this state. Until 1821, the territories of Tucumán and Catamarca remained united. Until the 25 of August of this year, Nicolas Avellaneda and Tula, whom destin presided over Catamarca to name of the Republic of Tucumán, summoned in the Municipal House to most select of the society catamarqueña.
It was then when it declared, solemnly, that Catamarca and its territory were as free as all the other towns constituted in provinces. Thus one dissolved dependency with the Republic of Tucumán, and was chosen like first governor to Nicolas Avellaneda and Tula.
Catamarca contributed to develops it of Independence, with men, equipments and food, and to its National organization with the words of the "Orador of the Constitution" Fray Mamerto Esquiú in its famous sermon, "Laetamur of glory vestra" (we were glad of your joy), moderating and sensible words that summoned to the spirits to La Paz and the order. The news of the Revolution of May arrived at Catamarca a month later. Leading itself the received instructions, through the circular ones of the First Meeting, the Town hall took the conducive measures to the election of a deputy catamarqueño. There was an attempt of continuity of the old regime developed by the assistant superintendent Francisco de Acuña, who was made choose for that function in the Open Town hall reunited to the effect. But her person did not reunite the required qualities. It was precise to summon a new Opened Town hall, that consecrated the name of Jose Antonio de Aguilera, native of the place. The Town hall, when communicating to the Meeting the designation of the named one, emphasizes its suitability, illustration and merits acquired in good condition to the mother country.
A contingent of catamarqueños to the orders of Bernardino Ahumada and Barros participated in the battle of Tucumán, also gathering the laurels of the decisive triumph for the cause of May. Belgrano had said to him to the mentioned head: "If the children of Catamarca want to cover themselves with glory and to give laurels to their province that come to be united to the jujeños, salteños, tucumanos and santiagueños".
Legitimate Gloria of a town, is to be associated to the great definitions. When the Supreme Director summoned to the provinces to meet in Tucumán in a General Congress Constituyente, Catamarca gave to mandate to the Presbítero Doctor Manuel Antonio de Azevedo and Don José Antonio Olmos de Aguilera, who by health impediment, transferred his power to the Presbítero José Eusebio Colombres. After Caretakers, a group of patriotic governors gave to Catamarca stability and progress him Safe Pedro, that it makes swear the Constitution sanctioned in Santa Fe; Sinforeano Lascano, that promulgates the first Constitution of the Province; the General Octaviano Navarro, in whose government the press in Catamarca and Samuel Molina is introduced, that inaugurates the present House of Government in 1859.
A stage of institutional and cultural progress, like of peace and concord, became broken after the battle of Pavón. Between 1862 and 1868 extends extremely a turbulent period (called "the night of the seven years") in which without interruption, follow one another the riots , the destitution and replacement of governors, the interventions, the armed warfares, and other civic vicissitudes that maintain to Catamarca in permanent sinking. Still houses with colonial red ceilings of construction survive, with ample vestibules and patios of sun, that recall the stage fun original. It is a traditionalistic tourist city of important commerce and activates cultural life. Main the productive activities are intensive agriculture and the mining. For agriculture the intermontanos spaces have taken advantage of, such as the handbags.  |
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