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Argentina: Littoral - Santa Fe
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anta Fe, airs of Capital.
The Tupi-Guaraní (Chiriguanos), Arawak (Chané), Guaycurú (Mocoví, Toba, Pilagá) y Mataco-Mataguayo (Mataco, Chorote, Chulupí) conform the four lingüísticas families of the natives who live in diverse zones of the Grand Chaco (the Northwest of Santa Fé, the Northeast of Santiago del Estero, This of Catamarca, Chaco and Formosa).
In century XVI several guaraníes establishments existed, in the Coast. Most important the North of the province of Corrientes and the coast of Misiones were located in. Another one in the islands existed that Paraná in its opening forms and third in the islands of the delta of the same river, but of smaller importance.
The Tobas occupied part of the Central Chaco and the Austral Chaco. Their dominions extended by the west until the valley of San Francisco in the province of Jujuy and by the South until the Salado River, in Santa Fe. In their excursions the Tobas have always had a vast scene, fighting with the Mocovíes of the South, the Matacos of the Northwest and the Vilelas of the East.
The economy of these communities, was fundamentally recolectora and hunting. The harvesting was feminine task; they chose the fruits of chañar, mistol, the carob tree and tusca; they were fed with honey, higo of tuna, cogollos of palms (we called palmitos), diverse roots, porotos, fruits of a called enredadera tasi, red pepper of the mount and animals wild.
The men practiced the hunting of ostrich, tapir, the deer, the pecarí, the iguana, the tatú and the jaguar. They made fiber weaves of chaguar, wood wood statures santo, baskets of carandillo (type of palm).
They have suffered like all the ethnic groups, the process of aculturación imposed by the dominant society.
They have adopted the Christian religion and at the moment there is an increasing process of recovery of its culture.
Perhaps the carried out colonization in the east of our country, is most well-known, as much by the founded places, like thus also by the conquerors who made it.
The first expedition that arrived at the River de La Plata was the one of Juan Diaz de Solís in January of 1516, that disembarked in the coasts of Uruguay. After this installation, Solís fué attacked and died by the Indians of the zone.
In June of 1527, Sebastián Caboto, goes into in the Paraná River and founds the Fuerte Sancti Spiritu; soon the 1530 to Spain, taking with himself legend of "the mountain range of Silver and territories of King Blanco" returns in.
The central personage of the last part of century XVI was Juan de Garay who founded on 1573, the city of Santa Fé de la Veracruz, in the western ravine of the river of the Quiloazas, today river San Javier. According to some historians, Garay called to this city Santa Fe, in tribute to the faith catholic of whom Spain was at that time defending universal front to the Moors, Jews and protestants.
According to Federico Guillermo Cervera it seems to be that its election is tie to the celebration of the true Cross that corresponds to the Good Friday.
The 23 of March of 1583 when it went to Santa Fe from Buenos Aires, Garay was dead in the lagoon of Coronda by natives of a tribe nonneeded.
Later his son-in-law, Hernando Arias de Saavedra was transferred to this new territory (Hemandarias). This conqueror organized expeditions to the interior of the province and he did not take in fighting battles with the natives, to those who he won and he reduced. Hernandarias was governor in six opportunities between 1592 and 1631 and was married with the daughter of Garay, Gerónima de Contreras.
Between its works of government they appear its decrees on the treatment of the Indians, its policy of control of the contraband and its proposal for the division of the gobernaciones of the River of the Silver. In letters of the Town hall of Santa Fe they appear registered and drawn first property marks that are known in the region of the Silver. It was in Santa Fe where before 1576 it is made first is mistaken of cattle.
In 1651 the Town hall solves the transfer from the city to about 70 kms. more to the south, in the confluence of the rivers Paraná and Salado. Malones, the isolation, the crescents, worries to take this determination. The transfer lasted 10 years and the 3 of April of 1660 already were installed in the new site, call the "Payment of the Side Cross", the authorities you will capitulate.  |
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