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Argentina: Littoral - Resistencia
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Chaco is a guaraní voice that jeans.
Desert, being also a voice quichua: whose sense indicates animal Hunting with people wall. The region of the Chaco was occupied from several centuries back, by diverse native groups you enter that we can mention: Tobas, Pilagás, Mocovíes, Matacos, Chorrotes, Chulupies and Chiriguanos-Chanés.
To say of the poet: "when it was a serious problem to overcome the Pilcomayo river by his annual ones corented of water and the slime, they were the unique ones who sailed it freely because knew it thoroughly and the lighter responded to them with wood voice".
Most of the communities they were recolectoras and hunting, very few were those that cultivated the Earth as it forms to acquire foods.
The historian Ernesto Maeder defines therefore the characteristics of the native of the zone: "the Indian chaqueño wants to be independent. He will never get to be put under completely. The freedom is its only cult, is its God; to be free as the birds only yearning is his, the single ambition of its soul; the body is nothing for him, it exposes it to each step that gives and is killed at any moment, with feeling. When one is frees and absolute in his fields, with taste, but with the filled heart of ferocity, when is captive, when he sees it jeopardize the ideal that makes the only happiness of its life: the freedom of its race ".
Resistencia was born like colony-corner, drawn up in 1875 in the old place "San Fernando". It was not populated immediately disappearing landmarks and stakes. However, with date 27 of January of 1878 the national government approved the mensura initial and created officially the Colony of Resistencia.
The Chaco constituted, during long time, a serious problem for the Nation. Neither the Spaniards of centuries XVI and XVII, nor the jesuíticas missions in the middle of century XVIII did not manage to seat their real ones of definitive way there, nor to reduce the dominion of the Indian either.
In the given Chaco its condition of marginal and still dangerous earth, the colonization had to begin with total official support.
After the War of the Triple Alliance, from 1865 to 1870, the national government conquered the zone militarily.
In 1874, the establishment of 4 corners in the coast of Paraná was arranged by law and in 1875 the execution of those measures through an exploratory commission in charge was regulated to choose the places and to draw up to the towns and colonies in Timbó, Las Toscas and San Fernando.
Finally, by virtue of the Law of Colonization, the shipment of European agriculturists took shape in 1877 the drawn up colonies. It was as well as the towns with Resistencia in 1878, Avellaneda (ex- Timbó) in 1879 and Las Toscas in 1880 filled.
On board of the "Paraná River" they divided friulanos from Buenos Aires, 17 of January of 1878 for Corrientes, arriving day 21. Almost immediately, a small group headed by Jerónimo.
Perez and integrated by Luis Pessano, Pedro Dellamea, Julio Geraldi was transferred to the place that was going to populate the contingent in the place San Fernando, already Colony Resistencia.
The "advanced" they visited the establishments of the Colonel Avalos and Felix Seitor and other obrajeros.
Finally, the game for afternoon paid attention of day 26 of January and two barges towed by a vaporcito crossed Paraná and they went into in the Negro river. The disembarkation of the following day alleviated the shortages of the passage. They were already in the Colony Resistencia, that 27 of January of 1878, 250 people who opened the route from which they were going to arrive that same year. The 19 of January of 1879 arrived contingent nourishing, in their majority trentinos, and another group in 1880. It develops definitive colonizadora of the Chaco was a reality.
In year 1876 an attack to the population of General José Domingo Avalos, who was based in the environs of once the Reducción de San Fernando del Río Negro (today zone of the Triangle of Resistencia). The attack was commanded by Leoncito cacique (Indian Vilela) and was third in the year.
In 1884 the central government of Buenos Aires, divided to the zone in the Chaco to the south and Formosa to the north.
Some historians maintain that the name of "Resistencia" was originated in that Indian attacks, "by the fact of to have resisted during as much time a short number of men, without protection of the Government, the continuous threats of the natives".
The first Municipal Council of the city worked later in the old provisory premises, until many years since the building that was constructed for this aim, was yielded so that the house of Government worked the 25 of October of 1896.
By decree of date 19 of November of 1908 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Nation, the Lot is granted to him to the Municipality Solar "A" Manzana 104, and receives later the title of property of the President of the Republic, Dr Jose Figueroa Alcorta.
At the beginning of century XX the initiated taninera activity in Santa Fe penetrated in the Chaco. The best example was the indiscriminate operation of the English company the Forest one. The crisis of the tannin left behind himself a degraded forest and more than 50,000 people without work.
After World War I the height of the cotton began that lasted until the years ` 50.
In 1951, Chaco was transformed into province.  |
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