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Argentina: Littoral - Gualeguay
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he territory which today we know like Gualeguay, was occupied before the conquest by natives: Guayaquíes, Guaraníes, Charrúas and another one, that pertenecíann to the linguistic family Tupí-Guaraní.
These communities occupied from the Amazon river to the river of La Plata. They are of the few cultures that managed to maintain their language, the guaraní, to the present time.
The Charruas had two moments nails in their cultural development: a first period until first half of century XVII and from there to half-full of century XIX, time at which they disappeared.
The difference between both moments was the dominion of the horse, like transport instrument, hunts and war. During the first period the deer hunting of and ñandúes dedicated themselves mainly to. They also used the boleadoras (of 2 and 3 balls) and great canoes for the fishing. With the arrival of the horse they used lances of several meters of length. With Batalla of the Hill of the Slaughter, headed by the Governing Lieutenant of Santa Fé Francisco Antonio Mujica, the extinction of the natives took shape. Thus a half-full of century XVIII, the promissory territories of this side of Parana began to be occupied by families coming from Santa Fe and the Slope and to be integrated by Spaniards, Creoles and until some Portuguese.
Most of the immigrants the first social group was located to borders of the Cle stream, integrating that can consider remote antecedent of Galeguay. But the frequent floods took to several settlers to look for location in high places but, locating itself to the north of the present city.
In 1770 the Virrey Vértiz already grants importance to him to the entrerriana South zone that would serve to hinder any Portuguese advance from the Eastern Band. There it creates police commissions and the commissioned Judges to control the South zone that goes from the Gualeguay river to the Uruguay river.
In 1780, the Virrey Vértiz accedes to requests and is Don Tomás de Rocamora the one in charge to found five villas.
With a doubtlessly progressive mentality Tomas de Rocamora understood that the only way to surpass the ocal problems and to take care of the defense of the site, was to reunite to the settlers in a villa that provided the possibilities to them of sharing a social life.
It is so previous communication with the Virrey Vertiz and its consent, directs the tasks of clearing in the chosen place and in few days the scope was clean, was constructed in mud and straw the church, the command, the school and several houses, a reason of one by each corner of drawn up apples En all this task worked 150 hacheros and 112 yuntas of oxen. That 19 of March of 1783 it was founded the villa San Antonio del Gualeguay Grande, including/understanding a total of 56 apples where 150 neighbors lodged themselves.
The first Town hall was integrated by Navarrese Vicente, Mayor; Domingo Ruiz, Valentin Districts and Pedro Jose Duarte, Regidores; Gregorio Santa Cruz, Captain of Military services. The founder already had warned to the authorities about the fertility of these earth, considering them the best ones of America, which made anticipate an adventurous future; and he was from the beginning that in the small farms the maize, the sweet potato was cultivate, watermelons, melons, porotos, habas, etc., complementing itself with the young of pigs and hens, and operation of the mounts, that produced abundant wood. The retail commerce grew with relative rapidity, slaughters, pulperías, bakeries (tahonas) and the population acquired quick importance.
Little by little they were appearing first modest industries, like salting hoses, factories of soap, tanneries, carpentries, zapaterías, platería, etc. of great development later and that would give to Gualeguay relevance in the Province of Entre Ríos.  |
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