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Argentina: Littoral - Formosa
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ormosa, by India root.
The province of Formosa was inhabited coverall, by three great groups of natives who lived in different regions, they were the TUFAS, MATACOS and PILAGÁS.
These groups arrived at the territory after seeing themselves forced to emigrate of the forest Bolivian-Paraguayan fleeing from the tribes whose ferocidad attempted against the security of its lives.
The Chaqueñas tribes who inhabited this ground were of different linguistic origin and practiced an economy hunting and recolectora. The soldiers distinguished themselves Abipones and the canoeists payaguás, to borders of the great rivers; towards the interior they were the matacos soldiers and towards the west the chiriguanos. They existed in addition. Communities of mocovíes near abipones, and Chulupíes next to the chiriguanos. With the guaraní voice "Guaicurú" one designated to tufas and pilagás, "mataco-mataguayos" to which occupied the west.
Guaycurúes and matacos mataguayos looked like culturally for that reason chaquenses were denominated "típicos".Se found organized in groups and its life is developed still today in an atmosphere of primary work.
They dedicate its life to the preparation of works in wood, statures, you kill, ash trays, articles of totora, straw and palm, to the construction of chairs, baskets, hats, rafts. The baskets that they make serve to keep grains, they decorate them with guards and they do in addition vases and tinajas. Each group has its customs, language and own clothes. The presence of the matacos Indians was very important and seasoned in the zone of the first stable establishments in the province, being located mainly in the center of the same one.
They were basically recolectores fishermen and, but also they practiced the hunting and agriculture but like secondary activities. They inhabited the regions bordering to the rivers Pilcomayo, Bermejo and Teuco. The fishing was made with arpónes of about four meters in length.
They lived in huts of branches and straw, without movable doors nor, and they got dressed in deer skins. Passed second half of century XIX the different seated native groups in the margins from the river, took contact with the first target that bet in the region: the owner of the first company to steam of Bermejo, Natalio Roldán. The initial distrust that they had to him was overcome in just a short time by the good treatment and soon, almost two thousands of them began to work in undertaken works.
The city of Formosa was founded the 8 of April of 1879, by the Commander Luis Jorge Fontana. 1º of October of 1884, by law Nº 1532 is elevated in National Interior, being its first Governor the Cnel. Ignacio Fotheringham.
Formosa was declared Province of the Argentine Republic just the 30 of June of 1955, and his first Constitutional governor was the Dr Luis Gutnisky. The national policy towards the natives was completed with the religious missions.
After making a vast recognition of different zones from the Northeast and after long managements, in 1899 the Mission arises from San Francisco Solano de Tacaaglé on the Pilcomayo river.
His founder was father Terencio Marcucci receiving 20,000 hectares of working for Indian tufas.
In main lines the operation of the Mission followed the model of the installed Jesuíticas missions until Century XVIII.
The Mission bought all the production to each producing family with a price uniforms and soon it placed it in the seat of Formosa.
In the heat of it conquers nevertheless, the contact of missionaries and natives it knew very difficult moments, when the exploration of Bermejo implied the death of jesuitas missionaries, like Father Gaspar Osorio and Ripari Father, sacrificed in 1639.
Years later, suffered a same fate Salinas Father and Pedro Ortiz de Zárate, like also the martyrdom of some, laid way for the work sacrificed of others, that in swelling successive and with unequal luck went arriving at these earth.
Priest Franciscano Roque Chielli dedicated the best years of his life to help the Chiriguanos and his first years of work passed in the mission La Loma of the Tabacal, until in 1970 an unexpected event shook its pacific existence: the order arrived to evacuate immediately. The catechesis of the Franciscanos between the natives has distinguished by a great respect to their language and its customs.  |
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