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Argentina: Cuyo - San Juan
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an Juan it offers an imponderable testimony of centuries of antiquity that is known like: The Valley of Ischigualasto.
Also known like Valle de la Luna. It makes about 200 million years was orchard of gigantic and rincosaurios ferns, dicinodontes and other vertebrates. Today he is one of the more important paleontological deposits of planet and one of "greater works" of the nature.
Several dynasties of the old incaico empire among them those of the Yupanqui Inca and later the Inca Viracocha III, tried to extend their dominions conquering Chile and like result of these movements the moluchos, that inhabited the south of Peru, was run later to Chile and to San Juan where it knew them with the name Toluches.
Later and as a result of the mixture of these natives with whom already they dwelled in the zone gave to birth to the Indian Huarpe or warpe, of high stature, pacific and dedicated to the cattle ranch, it trains caretakers and to the mining work.
Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the zone was populated by warpes. They used the adorned long hair with pens. Sometimes they painted the face of ceremonies with vegetal liquids.
They were politeístas. The venerated and respected God more was Hunuc Huar. For them this God lived in mountains. Also they adored to the sun, the stars, the moon and the rivers. In the villages "machi" existed the presence of a called wizard, that was in charge to cure to the patients and to request protection to deads to make its trip to the mountain of Hunuc Huar.
They had two very particular social institutions that were: the levirato that consisted of which when dying the husband, the widow and the children happened to depend on the smaller brother of deceased; and the Sororato: that he meant that when marrying the man acquired the right to marry with the other smaller sisters of the fiancèe.
In the first times the coexistence between Spaniards and natives was good, but finally the Indians were put under.
In 13 of June of 1562 Juan Jufré de Louyza and Montese, advanced of the third colonizadora current that penetrated in the territory by the north, it founded San Juan of the Border, its present capital in the valley of Tucuna, in name of Francisco de Villagra, Commander in chief of the Kingdoms of Chile and His Majesty the King of Castile Felipe II. "San Juan" was put in honor santo patrono of Jufré, San Juan Baptist.
By the end of the 1593, San Juan river devastated with the city, thus is that Luis Jufré translada the 25 blocks to the south of his first location.
In 1776 Intendance of Whose she was separated of the government of Chile and incorporated to the Virreinato of the River of the Silver, like part of the province of Tucumán.
Two years later it happened to integrate Intendance of Salta. Finally in 1872, by reasons of better administration, Whose it was subordinated to Intendance of Cordova. 1° of March of 1820, is the day in which the act was signed by which they broke the bonds that united them to Intendance of Whose and San Juan, San Luis and Mendoza met, those that acquired sovereignty like independent state. The 22 of December of 1828 Pope Leon XII Just ordered the erection of the Apostolic Vicarage of San Juan, independent of the Bishopric of Cordova, being Fray Justo Santa María de Oro the first vicar of the province, which would play a role important in develops emancipadora since jointly with Laprida Narcissus they participated actively in the Congress of Tucumán, that declared National Independence.
Their settlers were protagonists also in develops sanmartiniana. In the stage of national constitution, after the battle of Pavón, the figure of the sanjuanino stood out Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, who would arrive at the presidency of the Republic.
In 1885 the commerce acquires an unusual development with the arrival of the railroad. At the beginning of the century XX San Juan it was built almost in his totality.
In 1944, a terrible earthquake destroyed the city and was reconstructed, replacing the old construction of marinates by the antiseismic one.  |
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