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Argentina: Buenos Aires - Mercedes
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Mercedes, between malones and forts.
The natives of more influence for the region of Mercedes were the Puelches or Pampas.
They were individual of high stature, something more than medium European, the brown ones and of robust bodies, extended head high and makes solid. They used, according to cronistas one pampanilla the women and taparrabo triangular the men, and pellón that served to them as long layer, and the rest of the naked body. They used to paint his face and body of different colors. The house of primitive Pampas is the typical awning of the plain that persists in later centuries. Their arms were the boleadora, the arc and the arrow, some missionaries mention the use of the sling.
The boleadores of these Indians were of two balls with furrow, tied with a leather touch, of about ten feet of length, the one of them smallest one than it served as manijera. Also the boleadora retobada in leather is mentioned.
The industry of the stone reached great importance being used the technique of the carved stone or the polished stone. For the polished stone objects they made a work of initial stature that soon they polished with another hard rock. The characteristic stone objects are:
Drills, constituted by small stones with acute end that used to perforate and soon to sew leathers. The Scrapers that were a species of knife with edge by a single side, and that served to remove flesh leathers. The consisting of sobadores conical stones with a strong widening in its base, and that was used to sobar dry leathers. Finally, mortars that reduced flour grains.
Mercedes was born like border of conflict, and result of the tension with the Indian.
Malón to the stays of Luján in 1744 was a determining factor so that the Governor, the Town hall and the Military leaders, reunited in Meeting military the 11 of January of 1745, solved the construction of forts like better means to contain them.
In 1745 one rose in the place known like Brave Lagoon, the Fort to which the name of Guard of Luján occurred him to be to 7 leguas of the sanctuary, being its work directed by the field master Juan of San Martín and constituting itself in forward edge of advance in the conquest of the desert.
But the milicianos, that were the ones in charge of the fort, were forced to stay to their coast and to neglect its sementeras and cattles, thus they began to desert of the service.
It is so the first denominated company "the Valiant one", constituted the 16 of April of 1752, it went first in replacing to the rural milicianos from the fort to the control of the Captain Jose de Zárate, and this meant the first defense with permanent detachment of the province and the definitive establishment of the redoubt.
In 1779 the Virrey Vértiz, modified the line of the border and the Captain Nicholas of the Quintana transferred the fort towards where today is the municipal palace and founded the town on 1780, coming itself to around reunite of the fort the dispersed population. Few years later his parroquía became independent from the one of Luján.
In 1812 it received the party attribute and the 30 of November of 1830 the new plan of its streets rose to the government.
Some years later it is begun to call Villa Mercedes. Until the 3 of March of 1865, in that Governor Mariano Saavedra, agreeing with the inauguration of the railway station, officially put the name to him of City of Mercedes.
The first municipal authority was constituted in 1856, and in 1886 the present municipal regime with the figure of Intendant and the Deliberative Council was instituted.  |
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