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Argentina: Buenos Aires - Chascomús
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Chascomús, between the landscape and history.
Chascomús is located to 110 km of the Capital Federal, on the brink of madness the greatest lagoon of the systems of Las Encadenadas.
Chascomús was inhabited at prehistoric times by three species. Homo Chapadmalensis, Homo Lujanensis and Homo Ensenadensis, three species that were characterized by the nomadismo, its character of hunters and the very small degree of evolution in the artisan activities.
With the Homo Lujanensis the first migrations and entrecruzamientos took place that will give origins to the indigenous races that populated the Argentine territory to the arrival with the Spaniards.
The Indians who inhabited this zone were known with the Pampas name.
The araucanos advanced long before until this region that the white man arrived and he baptized them. The zone, flood of water mirrors provided the sustenance and in her it was possible to be hunted and to be fished.
In 1581 Juan de Garay it was sent in an expedition from versus. Ace. towards the south. It wanted to gain more earth and to find the mythical “city of gold”.
In its way, Garay sighted a zone where the lagoons abounded with salt water near the Samborombón river, this one would be the first news of “chained”.
Shortly after they begin to authorize vaquerías (hunting of wild property) being the more and more displaced natives. At this time the first luck of stays were granted.
By many years there was a constant struggle between Indians and conquerors, aspired to extend their borders towards the south and the others towards the north; but it is when being created the Virreinato of the Río of the Plata, that the Virrey Ceballos plans a “entrance” to the Indians, being as well as Pedro Nicholas Escribano suggested to transfer the Fuerte of the Zanjón more to the south.
Chascomús had its origin in the foundation of the Fortín San Juan Bautista, the 30 of Mayo of 1779.
Founded like Guardia of the Sanjón, it was transferred from Magdalena to the Laguna Vitel and finally refundada by Pedro Escribano in the land that occupies today, the Independencia seat, next to the Laguna de Chascomús receiving the name of Fuerte of San Juan Bautista and choosing like patronos to San Juan Bautista and Nuestra Sra. of the Merced.
Towards 1870 12 Galician families settled down themselves to strengthen the populated incipiente that already had his pulpería taken care of by Fermín Rodriguez.
The Maxima authority was the military man, administrative and religiously it depended on the party and curato of the Magdalena, whereas militarily of Luján.
In 1808 position is designated to the first Alcalde of the Hermandad that Juan held Lorenzo Castro, this one designation implied the creation of the party and the division of the civilian and military functions.
In 1815 one vows to send a deputy to the Congreso de Tucumán.
In 1816 thanks to the ocal effort the creation of the first state school took shape, present Escuela N° 1.
The Ley de Enfiteusis of 1822, granted great amount of earth reason why the first important group of farmers formed.
But it will be with the beginning of the Campaña of the Desert that accentuates the cattle character of the zone. The French Bloqueo and the increase of the repression in the Provincia towards 1838, added to the economic problems caused by the payment of the canons owed of enfiteutas and the impossibility to export its products, which will take that the landed displeasure of the outlet in the Revolución of the Sur; that the 29 of October with the sublevamiento of Manuel begin Rico in Dolores and Mendiola in Chascomús.
The revolutionaries of the south met to borders of the lagoon where they were with the forces of Prudencio Rozas being defeated in the Batalla of the Libres of the Sur.
The revolution brought unfavorable consequences to the zone, and Rosas confiscated the goods of the landowners.
The Batalla of the Libres of the Sur was not the only warlike fact of the zone, in 1852 the 22 of January takes place to borders of the Río Salado in the Rincón of San Gregorio, the Batalla of he himself name.
The Juez de Paz was the only authority in the middle of century XIX, just in 1854 was created the Municipality, the one that was integrated by Salustiano Lezama, Pedro Roca, Miguel Castelli and Herminio Machado.
In 1865 the Ferrocarril arrives and the urban plant is modified, with the construction of the first building public.
Chascomús becomes the last decades of the century in a cosmopolitan city, forced step of the mails. The Plaza of the Estación is the collection point of the carts, and to his around numerous boardinghouses and hotels are born.
In 1870 the Pueblo appears the first Periódico and between the entertainments of the time they appear a reñidero of roosters and a race course.
The 1886 when dictating itself statutory law of Municipalities Ramon Milani one becomes the Primer Intendente.
To more than 200 years of his Chascomús foundation it is a place of encounter between the the past historical landscape and.  |
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